The hidden severity of the COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents in Brazil: a territorial analysis of hospital mortality. / A gravidade oculta da pandemia de COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil: uma análise territorial da mortalidade hospitalar.

This article aims to describe the geographical distribution of hospital mortality from COVID-19 in children and adolescents during the 2020-2021 pandemic in Brazil. Ecological, census study (SIVEP GRIPE) with individuals up to 19 years of age, hospitalized with SARS due to COVID-19 or SARS not specified in Brazilian municipalities, stratified in two ways: 1) in the five macro-regions and 2) in three urban agglomerations: capital, municipalities of the metropolitan region and non-capital municipalities. There were 44 hospitalizations/100,000 inhabitants due to COVID-19 and 241/100,000 when including unspecified SARS (estimated underreporting of 81.8%). There were 1,888 deaths by COVID-19 and 4,471 deaths if added to unspecified SARS, estimating 57.8% of unreported deaths. Hospital mortality was 2.3 times higher in the macro-regions when considering only the cases of COVID-19, with the exception of the North and Center-West regions. Higher hospital mortality was also recorded in non-capital municipalities. The urban setting was associated with higher SARS hospital mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Living in the North and Northeast macro-regions, and far from the capitals offered a higher risk of mortality for children and adolescents who required hospitalization.

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a distribuição geográfica da mortalidade hospitalar por COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes durante a pandemia de 2020-2021 no Brasil. Estudo ecológico, censitário (SIVEP GRIPE), de indivíduos até 19 anos, internados com SRAG por COVID-19 ou SRAG não especificada, em municípios brasileiros, estratificados de duas formas: 1) nas cinco macrorregiões e 2) em três aglomerados urbanos: capital, municípios da região metropolitana e do interior. Verificou-se 44 internações/100 mil habitantes por COVID-19 e 241/100 mil ao se incluir a SRAG não especificada (subnotificação estimada de 81,8%). Ocorreram1.888 óbitos por COVID-19 e 4.471 óbitos se somados à SRAG não especificada, estimando-se subnotificação de 57,8% dos óbitos. A mortalidade hospitalar foi 2,3 vezes maior nas macrorregiões quando considerados apenas os casos de COVID-19, com exceção das regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste. Registrou-se também maior mortalidade hospitalar em municípios do interior. O contexto urbano esteve associado à maior mortalidade hospitalar por SRAG durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. Residir nas macrorregiões Norte e Nordeste, e distante das capitais, ofereceu maior risco de mortalidade para crianças e adolescentes que necessitaram hospitalização.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection in healthcare students: systematic review of prevalence.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among undergraduate health care students. METHODS: A systematic review of prevalence with meta-analysis was conducted. Prospective and retrospective cohorts and cross-sectional studies involving probable exposure to M. tuberculosis during undergraduate education, along with the tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for investigation of latent tuberculosis were searched. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Independent reviewers were responsible for the selection and inclusion of studies. Data were extracted, critically appraised, and synthesized using the JBI approach. PRISMA was used to report the study. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies were analyzed. The overall prevalence in healthcare undergraduate students was 12.53%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of LTBI in undergraduate health students was high for such a highly educated population. Screening with TST and/or IGRA and chemoprophylaxis, when necessary, should be provided to undergraduate health students when in contact with respiratory symptomatic patients.

Musculoskeletal pain among nursing professionals in material and sterilization centers.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the presence of musculoskeletal pain during the working day among nursing professionals in material and sterilization centers. METHOD: A cross-sectional study with 36 nursing professionals who answered a questionnaire for personal characterization and diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders and Corlett and Manenica's diagram of painful areas at the beginning and end of the working day. Frequency distribution analysis, Fisher's exact test and likelihood ratio were carried out. RESULTS: The presence of pain was reported by 80.6% (n = 29) of the participants at the start of the working day and 94.4% (n = 34) at the end, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 66.6% (n = 24). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of segments with pain between professionals with and without a diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders, in the initial and final assessments. The lumbar spine had a higher prevalence of pain in both assessments. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pain increased towards the end of the working day and indicates that there may be a relationship between the work process and the development of pain. It is important to identify working conditions that may contribute to the onset of pain and to adopt preventive measures.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis latent infection in healthcare students: systematic review of prevalence / Infecção latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis em estudantes da área da saúde: revisão sistemática de prevalência / Infección latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis en estudiantes de la salud: revisión sistemática de la prevalencia

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize the evidence on the prevalence of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among undergraduate health care students. Methods: A systematic review of prevalence with meta-analysis was conducted. Prospective and retrospective cohorts and cross-sectional studies involving probable exposure to M. tuberculosis during undergraduate education, along with the tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) for investigation of latent tuberculosis were searched. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Independent reviewers were responsible for the selection and inclusion of studies. Data were extracted, critically appraised, and synthesized using the JBI approach. PRISMA was used to report the study. Results: Twenty-two studies were analyzed. The overall prevalence in healthcare undergraduate students was 12.53%. Conclusion: The prevalence of LTBI in undergraduate health students was high for such a highly educated population. Screening with TST and/or IGRA and chemoprophylaxis, when necessary, should be provided to undergraduate health students when in contact with respiratory symptomatic patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar as evidências sobre a prevalência de infecção de Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) entre estudantes de graduação da área da saúde. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de prevalência com metanálise. Coortes prospectivas e retrospectivas e estudos transversais envolvendo provável exposição a M. tuberculosis durante a graduação, juntamente com o teste tuberculínico (TT) ou ensaio de liberação de interferon-γ (IGRA) para investigação de tuberculose latente foram pesquisados. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus e Web of Science. Revisores independentes foram responsáveis pela seleção e inclusão dos estudos. Os dados foram extraídos, avaliados criticamente e sintetizados utilizando a abordagem JBI. PRISMA foi usado para relatar o estudo. Resultados: Vinte e dois estudos foram analisados. A prevalência geral em estudantes de graduação da área da saúde foi de 12,53%. Conclusão: A prevalência de ILTB em estudantes de graduação em saúde foi alta para uma população com alto nível de escolaridade. Triagem com TT e/ou IGRA e quimioprofilaxia, quando necessária, deve ser fornecida aos estudantes de graduação da área da saúde quando em contato com pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue sintetizar la evidencia sobre la prevalencia de infección latente por Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ILTB) entre estudiantes universitarios de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la prevalencia con metanálisis. Cohortes prospectivas y retrospectivas y estudios transversales que involucran exposición probable a M tuberculosis durante la educación universitaria, junto con la prueba cutánea de tuberculina (TST) o el ensayo de liberación de interferón-γ (IGRA) para la investigación de tuberculosis latente. Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, LILACS, Scopus y Web of Science. Revisores independientes fueron responsables de la selección e inclusión de los estudios. Los datos se extrajeron, se evaluaron críticamente y se sintetizaron utilizando el enfoque JBI. Se utilizó PRISMA para informar el estudio. Resultados: Se analizaron veintidós estudios. La prevalencia global en estudiantes universitarios en salud fue del 12,53%. Conclusión: La prevalencia de LTBI en estudiantes universitarios de salud fue alta para una población con un nivel educativo tan alto. Se debe proporcionar tamizaje con TST y/o IGRA y quimioprofilaxis, cuando sea necesario, a los estudiantes universitarios en salud cuando estén en contacto con pacientes sintomáticos respiratorios.

Satisfação no trabalho e fatores associados na percepção dos enfermeiros: estudo transversal / Job satisfaction and associated factors in the perception of nurses: cross-sectional study / Satisfacción laboral y factores asociados en la percepción de los enfermeros: estudio transversal

Objetivo: analisar a associação entre satisfação no trabalho e o perfil sociodemográfico e laboral de enfermeiros de hospital universitário. Método: estudo transversal com 134 enfermeiros, de ambos os sexos e independente do tempo de atuação. Foram excluídos aqueles em licença de saúde e férias. Aplicado questionário sociodemográfico e laboral e a Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho. Realizado o Teste qui-quadrado entre as variáveis "satisfação" e "perfil pessoal e profissional" (IC 95%). Resultados: observou-se que 49,3% estavam satisfeitos no trabalho, 41,0% indiferentes e 9,7% insatisfeitos. Entre perfil e nível de satisfação, houve diferença significativa para "faixa etária", "desejo de mudança de emprego" e "horário de trabalho". Conclusão: a relação entre idade, horário de trabalho e mudança de emprego potencializavam a satisfação ou insatisfação no trabalho contribuem para adoção de medidas de manutenção da satisfação e reversão da indiferença, fato este preocupante no contexto da saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem.

Objective: to analyze the association between job satisfaction and the sociodemographic and work profile of nurses at a university hospital. Method: cross-sectional study with 134 nurses of both sexes and regardless of length of experience. Those on sick leave and vacation were excluded. Sociodemographic and labor questionnaire and the Job Satisfaction Scale were applied. The chi-square test was performed between the variables "satisfaction" and "personal and professional profile" (95% CI). Results: it was observed that 49.3% were satisfied at work, 41.0% were indifferent and 9.7% were dissatisfied. Between profile and level of satisfaction, there was a significant difference for "age group", "desire to change jobs" and "working hours". Conclusion: relationship between age, working hours and job change increased job satisfaction or dissatisfaction contributed to the adoption of measures to maintain satisfaction and reverse indifference, a worrying fact in the context of nursing workers' health.

Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre la satisfacción laboral y el perfil sociodemográfico y laboral de los enfermeros de un hospital universitario. Método: estudio transversal con 134 enfermeros de ambos sexos e independientemente del tiempo de experiencia. Se excluyeron los que estaban de baja por enfermedad y de vacaciones. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, laboral y la Escala de Satisfacción Laboral. Se realizó la prueba de chi cuadrado entre las variables "satisfacción" y "perfil personal y profesional" (IC 95%). Resultados: se observó que el 49,3% se mostró satisfecho en el trabajo, el 41,0% se mostró indiferente y el 9,7% se mostró insatisfecho. Entre perfil y nivel de satisfacción, hubo diferencia significativa para "grupo de edad", "deseo de cambiar de trabajo" y "horario de trabajo". Conclusión: la relación entre edad, jornada de trabajo y cambio de empleo potencializó la satisfacción o insatisfacción laboral contribuyó a la adopción de medidas para mantener la satisfacción y revertir la indiferencia, hecho preocupante en el contexto de la salud de los trabajadores de enfermería.

Hospital mortality from covid-19 in children and adolescents in Brazil in 2020-2021.

OBJECTIVE: To describe cases, deaths, and hospital mortality from covid-19 in children and adolescents in Brazil, according to age group, during the evolving phases of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021. METHODS: Census of patients aged up to 19 committed with severe acute respiratory syndrome, due to covid-19 or unspecified, notified to the Brazilian Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. The two years were divided into six phases, covering the spread of the disease-first, second and third wave-as well as the impact of vaccination. The pediatric population was categorized into infants, preschoolers, schoolchildren, and adolescents. Hospital mortality was assessed by pandemic phase and age group. RESULTS: A total of 144,041 patients were recorded in the two years, 18.2% of whom had confirmed cases of covid-19. Children under 5 years old (infants and preschoolers) accounted for 62.8% of those hospitalized. A total of 4,471 patients died, representing about 6.1 deaths per day. Infants were the ones who most progressed to the intensive care unit (24.7%) and had the highest gross number of deaths (n = 2,012), but mortality was higher among adolescents (5.7%), reaching 9.8% in phase 1. The first peak of deaths occurred in phase 1 (May/2020), and two other peaks occurred in phase 4 (March/2021 and May/2021). There was an increase in cases and deaths for younger ages since phase 4. Hospital mortality in the pediatric population was higher in phases 1, 4, and 6, following the phenomena of dissemination/interiorization of the virus in the country, beginning of the second wave and beginning of the third wave, respectively. CONCLUSION: The absolute number of cases of covid-19 in children and adolescents is significant. Although complete vaccination in descending order of age provided a natural deviation in age range, there was a greater gap between the curve of new hospitalized cases and the curve of deaths, indicating the positive impact of immunization.

Precarious work at a surgical center: implications for the organization and for the health of nursing workers.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the implications of precarious work for the organization of work and for the health of nursing professionals in a surgical center. METHODS: qualitative, descriptive study in which the interview technique was applied on 30 nursing professionals from a surgical center in a university hospital located in the Southeast region of Brazil. The project was approved by the research ethics committee. Thematic content analysis was applied in the categorization of speeches. RESULTS: precarious work in the surgical center negatively affects the organization of work due to staff turnover, loss of skilled talent, and the need for continuous training of temporary workers. It also affects the quality of care, leading to risks to patient safety and workers' health.Final Considerations: it is important to make work conditions less precarious in order to minimize staff turnover and promote the quality of the service offered and the health of the worker.

Precarious work at a surgical center: implications for the organization and for the health of nursing workers / Trabajo precario em centro quirúrgico: implicaciones organizacionales para la salud del trabajador de enfermería / Trabalho precário em centro cirúrgico: implicações organizacionais e a saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the implications of precarious work for the organization of work and for the health of nursing professionals in a surgical center. Methods: qualitative, descriptive study in which the interview technique was applied on 30 nursing professionals from a surgical center in a university hospital located in the Southeast region of Brazil. The project was approved by the research ethics committee. Thematic content analysis was applied in the categorization of speeches. Results: precarious work in the surgical center negatively affects the organization of work due to staff turnover, loss of skilled talent, and the need for continuous training of temporary workers. It also affects the quality of care, leading to risks to patient safety and workers' health.Final Considerations: it is important to make work conditions less precarious in order to minimize staff turnover and promote the quality of the service offered and the health of the worker.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar las implicaciones del trabajo precario para la organización laboral y la salud de los profesionales de enfermería en un centro quirúrgico. Métodos: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, llevado a cabo mediante entrevista con 30 profesionales de enfermería en un centro quirúrgico de un municipio de la región sureste de Brasil. El proyecto fue aprobado por el comité de ética e investigación. En la categorización de las declaraciones, se aplicó el análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: la precarización en centros quirúrgicos interfiere negativamente en la organización del trabajo debido a la rotación de personal, la fuga de capital intelectual y la necesidad de capacitación continua de los trabajadores temporarios. Existe una interferencia en la calidad de la atención con riesgos para la seguridad de los pacientes y la salud de los trabajadores. Consideraciones Finales: se ratifica la importancia de apuntalar el trabajo con el intuito de minimizar la rotación laboral y promover la calidad del servicio brindado y la salud del trabajador.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as implicações do trabalho precário para a organização do trabalho e para a saúde dos profissionais de enfermagem em centro cirúrgico. Métodos: estudo qualitativo, descritivo no qual se utilizou a técnica de entrevista com 30 profissionais de enfermagem de centro cirúrgico em um hospital universitário situado em um município da região sudeste, Brasil. Projeto aprovado por comitê de ética e pesquisa. Na categorização dos depoimentos aplicou-se a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: a precarização em centro cirúrgico interfere negativamente na organização do trabalho devido a rotatividade de pessoal, a fuga de capital intelectual e a necessidade de treinamento contínuo dos trabalhadores temporários. Há interferência na qualidade da assistência com riscos para a segurança dos pacientes e a saúde dos trabalhadores. Considerações Finais: ratifica-se a relevância da desprecarização do trabalho no intuito de minimizar a rotatividade dos profissionais, promover a qualidade do serviço ofertado e a saúde do trabalhador.

Conhecimento e adesão de estudantes de enfermagem às medidas de precaução-padrão / Conocimientos y adhesión de estudiantes de enfermería a las medidas de precaución estándar / Nursing students' knowledge and compliance with standard precautions

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o conhecimento e a adesão dos estudantes de graduação em enfermagem às medidas de precaução-padrão. Métodos Estudo descritivo e quantitativo com 161 acadêmicos de enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados entre setembro e outubro de 2020, mediante formulário eletrônico e processados no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, por meio de análises descritivas. Resultados Os escores médios de conhecimento e adesão às medidas de precaução-padrão demonstraram níveis satisfatórios, ou seja, superiores à metade do escore possível. Os estudantes reconheceram que essas medidas se estendem além dos cuidados para com pacientes com diagnósticos de infecção ou que se encontram no período de incubação do processo infeccioso. Contudo, limitam seu objetivo à proteção da equipe de saúde, preterindo a proteção do paciente. A higienização das mãos, assim como a utilização de luvas em procedimentos que envolviam contato com material biológico potencialmente contaminado, foram as medidas mais adotadas pelos estudantes. Observou-se que a adesão às medidas protetivas é maior nos períodos finais da graduação. Conclusão Evidenciaram-se fragilidades no conhecimento dos estudantes no que tange às noções básicas que norteiam e embasam a adoção das medidas de segurança; revela-se ser fundamental um currículo de enfermagem que, de forma contínua, ao longo dos ciclos acadêmicos incorpore no seu escopo de discussões a prevenção e o controle das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Tal cuidado se refletirá não só na qualidade da assistência prestada, como também na manutenção da saúde desse estudante - futuro trabalhador da área.

Resumen Objetivo Describir los conocimientos y la adhesión de estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería a las medidas de precaución estándar. Métodos Estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo con 161 académicos de enfermería. Los datos fueron recopilados entre septiembre y octubre de 2020, mediante formulario electrónico, y fueron procesados en el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, por medio de análisis descriptivos. Resultados La puntuación promedio de conocimiento y adhesión a las medidas de precaución estándar demostraron niveles satisfactorios, es decir, superiores a la mitad de la puntuación posible. Los estudiantes admitieron que estas medidas se extienden más allá de los cuidados a pacientes con diagnóstico de infección o que se encuentran en el período de incubación del proceso infeccioso. No obstante, limitan su objetivo a la protección del equipo de salud, descuidando la protección del paciente. La higienización de las manos, así como el uso de guantes en procedimientos que implicaban contacto con material biológico potencialmente contaminado, fueron las medidas más adoptadas por los estudiantes. Se observó que la adhesión a las medidas de protección es mayor en los períodos finales de la carrera. Conclusión Se evidenciaron debilidades en los conocimientos de los estudiantes en lo que atañe a las nociones básicas que orientan y respaldan la adopción de las medidas de seguridad. Resulta fundamental un diseño curricular de enfermería que, de forma continua y a lo largo de los ciclos académicos, incorpore en sus temas de discusión la prevención y el control de las infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud. Este cuidado se verá reflejado no solo en la calidad de la atención brindada, sino también en la conservación de la salud de ese estudiante, futuro trabajador del área.

Abstract Objective To describe nursing students' knowledge and compliance with standard precautions. Methods This is a descriptive and quantitative study with 161 nursing students. Data were collected between September and October 2020, through an electronic form and processed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program, through descriptive analyses. Results The mean scores of knowledge and compliance with standard precautions showed satisfactory levels, i.e., higher than half of the possible score. Students recognized that these measures extend beyond care for patients diagnosed with infection or who are in the incubation period of the infectious process. However, they limit their objective to the health team protection, neglecting patient protection. Hand hygiene, as well as the use of gloves in procedures involving contact with potentially contaminated biological material, was the most adopted measure by students. It was observed that compliance with protective measures is higher in the final periods of graduation. Conclusion We identified weaknesses in students' knowledge regarding the basic notions that guide and support the adoption of security measures. It is essential to have a nursing curriculum that, throughout the academic cycles, continuously incorporates the prevention and control of infections related to health care in its scope of discussions. This care will be reflected not only in the quality of the care provided, but also in the maintenance of students' health - future workers in the area.

Access of people with pulmonary tuberculosis to government programs: Primary Care professionals' perceptions.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze Primary Health Care professionals' perceptions about the access of people with pulmonary tuberculosis to government social support and income transfer programs. METHODS: multicenter/qualitative study, carried out in Family Health Units in four Brazilian capitals: Belém/Pará, Campo Grande/Mato Grosso do Sul, Recife/Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro. Fifty-eight professionals participated (social workers, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, physicians and nursing technicians), who provided assistance to people with pulmonary tuberculosis. Individual interviews were conducted, and the content analysis technique was used. RESULTS: among the participants, 45/77.6% were women and 33/56.9% were between 25 and 40 years old. Two thematic categories were organized, demonstrating the perceptions about the possibilities of access to government programs by people with pulmonary tuberculosis in vulnerable situations and the obstacles inherent to this context. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it is necessary to move forward in improving patient access to social programs.

Hospital mortality from covid-19 in children and adolescents in Brazil in 2020-2021 / Mortalidade hospitalar por covid-19 em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil em 2020-2021

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe cases, deaths, and hospital mortality from covid-19 in children and adolescents in Brazil, according to age group, during the evolving phases of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021. METHODS Census of patients aged up to 19 committed with severe acute respiratory syndrome, due to covid-19 or unspecified, notified to the Brazilian Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. The two years were divided into six phases, covering the spread of the disease—first, second and third wave—as well as the impact of vaccination. The pediatric population was categorized into infants, preschoolers, schoolchildren, and adolescents. Hospital mortality was assessed by pandemic phase and age group. RESULTS A total of 144,041 patients were recorded in the two years, 18.2% of whom had confirmed cases of covid-19. Children under 5 years old (infants and preschoolers) accounted for 62.8% of those hospitalized. A total of 4,471 patients died, representing about 6.1 deaths per day. Infants were the ones who most progressed to the intensive care unit (24.7%) and had the highest gross number of deaths (n = 2,012), but mortality was higher among adolescents (5.7%), reaching 9.8% in phase 1. The first peak of deaths occurred in phase 1 (May/2020), and two other peaks occurred in phase 4 (March/2021 and May/2021). There was an increase in cases and deaths for younger ages since phase 4. Hospital mortality in the pediatric population was higher in phases 1, 4, and 6, following the phenomena of dissemination/interiorization of the virus in the country, beginning of the second wave and beginning of the third wave, respectively. CONCLUSION The absolute number of cases of covid-19 in children and adolescents is significant. Although complete vaccination in descending order of age provided a natural deviation in age range, there was a greater gap between the curve of new hospitalized cases and the curve of deaths, indicating the positive impact of immunization.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever casos, óbitos e mortalidade hospitalar por covid-19 em crianças e adolescentes no Brasil, conforme faixa etária, durante as fases de evolução da pandemia em 2020 e 2021. MÉTODOS Censo de pacientes de até 19 anos internados com síndrome respiratória aguda grave, por covid-19 ou não especificada, notificados ao Sistema de Informação de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe do Brasil, entre 1 de janeiro de 2020 e 31 de dezembro de 2021. Os dois anos foram divididos em seis fases, abrangendo a disseminação da doença − primeira, segunda e terceira onda −, bem como o impacto da vacinação. A população pediátrica foi categorizada em lactentes, pré-escolares, escolares e adolescentes. A mortalidade hospitalar foi avaliada por fase da pandemia e faixa etária. RESULTADOS Foram contabilizados 144.041 pacientes nos dois anos, sendo 18,2% casos de covid-19 confirmados. Menores de 5 anos (lactentes e pré-escolares) corresponderam a 62,8% dos hospitalizados. Evoluíram a óbito 4.471, representando cerca 6,1 óbitos por dia. Os lactentes foram os que mais evoluíram para unidade de terapia intensiva (24,7%) e apresentaram o maior número bruto de óbito (n = 2.012), porém a mortalidade foi maior entre os adolescentes (5,7%), chegando a 9,8% na fase 1. O primeiro pico de óbitos ocorreu na fase 1 (maio/2020), e outros dois picos ocorreram na fase 4 (março/2021 e maio/2021). Verificou-se avanço de casos e óbitos para as idades inferiores desde a fase 4. A mortalidade hospitalar na população pediátrica foi maior nas fases 1, 4 e 6, acompanhando os fenômenos de disseminação/interiorização do vírus no país, início da segunda onda e início da terceira onda, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO O número absoluto de casos de covid-19 em crianças e adolescentes é expressivo. Embora a vacinação completa em ordem decrescente de idade tenha proporcionado um desvio natural de faixa etária, ocorreu um distanciamento maior entre a curva de novos casos hospitalizados e a curva de óbitos, indicando o impacto positivo da imunização.

Musculoskeletal pain among nursing professionals in material and sterilization centers / Dolor musculoesquelético entre los profesionales de enfermería de los centros de material y esterilización / Dor osteomuscular entre profissionais de enfermagem de centros de material e esterilização

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the presence of musculoskeletal pain during the working day among nursing professionals in material and sterilization centers. Method: A cross-sectional study with 36 nursing professionals who answered a questionnaire for personal characterization and diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders and Corlett and Manenica's diagram of painful areas at the beginning and end of the working day. Frequency distribution analysis, Fisher's exact test and likelihood ratio were carried out. Results: The presence of pain was reported by 80.6% (n = 29) of the participants at the start of the working day and 94.4% (n = 34) at the end, and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 66.6% (n = 24). There was a statistically significant difference in the number of segments with pain between professionals with and without a diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders, in the initial and final assessments. The lumbar spine had a higher prevalence of pain in both assessments. Conclusion: The prevalence of pain increased towards the end of the working day and indicates that there may be a relationship between the work process and the development of pain. It is important to identify working conditions that may contribute to the onset of pain and to adopt preventive measures.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la presencia de dolor musculoesquelético durante la jornada laboral entre los profesionales de enfermería de los centros de material y esterilización. Método: Estudio transversal con 36 profesionales de enfermería que respondieron a un cuestionario de caracterización personal y diagnóstico de trastornos musculoesqueléticos y al diagrama de Corlett y Manenica de zonas dolorosas al inicio y al final de la jornada laboral. Se analizaron la distribución de frecuencias, la prueba exacta de Fisher y los cocientes de probabilidad. Resultados: El 80,6% (n = 29) de los participantes declararon la presencia de dolor al inicio de la jornada laboral y el 94,4% (n = 34) al final, y la prevalencia de trastornos musculoesqueléticos fue del 66,6% (n = 24). Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el número de segmentos con dolor entre los profesionales con y sin diagnóstico de trastornos musculoesqueléticos, en las evaluaciones inicial y final. La columna lumbar presentó una mayor prevalencia de dolor en ambas evaluaciones. Conclusión: La prevalencia de dolor aumentó hacia el final de la jornada laboral e indica que puede existir una relación entre el proceso de trabajo y el desarrollo de dolor. Es importante identificar las condiciones de trabajo que pueden contribuir a la aparición del dolor y adoptar medidas preventivas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a presença de dor osteomuscular durante a jornada de trabalho, em profissionais de enfermagem de centros de material e esterilização. Método: Estudo transversal, com 36 profissionais de enfermagem, que responderam ao questionário para caracterização pessoal e de diagnóstico de distúrbios osteomusculares e ao diagrama de áreas dolorosas de Corlett e Manenica, no início e fim da jornada de trabalho. Realizou-se análise de distribuição de frequências, teste exato de Fisher e razão de verossimilhança. Resultados: A presença de dor foi referida por 80,6% (n = 29) dos participantes no início da jornada de trabalho e por 94,4% (n = 34) ao final, e a prevalência de distúrbios osteomusculares foi de 66,6% (n = 24). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na quantidade de segmentos com dor entre profissionais com e sem diagnóstico de distúrbios osteomusculares, na avaliação inicial e final. A coluna lombar, em ambas as avaliações, apresentou maior prevalência de dor. Conclusão: A prevalência de dor aumentou ao final da jornada de trabalho e indica que pode haver relação entre o processo de trabalho e o desenvolvimento de dor. É importante identificar condições de trabalho que podem contribuir para o surgimento da dor e adotar medidas de prevenção.

Positive mental health of undergraduate nursing students: scoping review / Saúde mental positiva do estudante de graduação em enfermagem: revisão de escopo

Objective: Aimed to map the constructs used in articles to discuss the mental health of undergraduate nursing students in a positive perspective. Methods: A scoping review was carried out with a search in the electronic databases: Scopus, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, in April 2020, which allowed retrieval of 286 articles. Data selection and extraction was performed in a double check by the group investigators and were assessed using the continuous data comparison technique. Results: We selected 53 articles that allowed detecting a set of 13 constructs associated with positive mental health that are continuously investigated by this audience. Conclusion: It was found that the mental health of undergraduate nursing students is a supportive set of characteristics conditioned to the inter-retroactive circuit, in which each component retroacts on each part of a set of strengths, fostering a dynamic state of internal balance.

Objetivo: Mapear os constructos utilizados em artigos para discutir a saúde mental dos estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem numa perspectiva positiva. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão de escopo com busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Scopus, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature e Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, em abril de 2020, que retornou 286 artigos. A seleção e extração dos dados ocorreu em dupla checagem por pesquisadores do grupo e analisados segundo a técnica de comparação constante. Resultados: Selecionou-se 53 artigos que permitiram levantar um conjunto de 13 constructos relacionados à saúde mental positiva que são constantemente investigados entre esse público. Conclusão: Verificou-se que a saúde mental do estudante de graduação em enfermagem é um conjunto solidário de características condicionado ao circuito de inter-retroações, no qual cada componente retroage sobre cada parte de um conjunto de fortalezas, fomentando um estado dinâmico de equilíbrio interno.

Riscos ocupacionais no trabalho de limpeza hospitalar: percepções de especialistas em segurança e saúde do trabalhador / Occupational risks in hospital cleaning work: perceptions from specialists in workers' safety and health / Riesgos laborales en el trabajo de limpieza hospitalaria: percepción de expertos en seguridad y salud del trabajador

Objetivo: caracterizar os riscos ocupacionais no contexto laboral dos trabalhadores do serviço de limpeza hospitalar e discutir suas implicações ao processo de trabalho, na percepção de especialistas da área de segurança e saúde do trabalho. Método: estudo qualitativo exploratório, realizado com especialistas da área de segurança e saúde do trabalhador no primeiro semestre de 2020. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravados em mídia digital e submetidos à análise de conteúdo temático-categorial. Obteve-se o consentimento livre e esclarecido dos participantes e aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: identificou-se a reafirmação dos riscos ocupacionais do ambiente de trabalho hospitalar pelos especialistas, além das altas cargas de trabalho dos trabalhadores dos serviços de limpeza. Considerações finais: a percepção dos especialistas evidenciou a existência de diversos tipos de riscos ocupacionais. Ademais, destacam-se a falta de conhecimento dos riscos, a vulnerabilidade e a precariedade das condições laborais desses trabalhadores.

Objective: to characterize occupational risks in the labor context of hospital cleaning service workers and discuss their implications for the work process, as perceived by specialists in occupational safety and health. Method: in this exploratory, qualitative study with specialists in the area of worker safety and health, data were obtained, in the first half of 2020, through semi-structured interviews, recorded in digital media, and subjected to categorical thematic content analysis. The study was approved by the research ethics committee, and free and informed consent was obtained from the participants. Results: the experts confirmed the risks of the hospital work environment, in addition to the cleaning service workers' high workloads. Final considerations: the experts' perceptions demonstrated the existence of different types of occupational hazards. Also highlighted were the lack of knowledge of the risks, the workers' vulnerability and the precariousness of their working conditions.

Objetivo: caracterizar los riesgos laborales en el contexto laboral de los trabajadores del servicio de limpieza hospitalaria y discutir sus implicaciones en el proceso de trabajo, desde el punto de vista de expertos del área de seguridad y salud laboral. Método: estudio cualitativo exploratorio, realizado junto a expertos del área de seguridad y salud laboral en el primer semestre de 2020. Los datos se obtuvieron por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, grabadas en medios digitales, y se sometieron al análisis de contenido temático-categorial. Se obtuvo el consentimiento libre y clarificado de los participantes y la aprobación del Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: los expertos identificaron la reafirmación de los riesgos ocupacionales del ambiente de trabajo hospitalario, además de las altas cargas laborales de los trabajadores del servicio de limpieza. Consideraciones Finales: la percepción de los expertos mostró la existencia de diferentes tipos de riesgos laborales. Además, se destaca el desconocimiento de los riesgos, la vulnerabilidad y las condiciones laborales precarias de estos trabajadores.

Factors associated with presenteeism in outpatient nursing professionals.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sociodemographic, work and health profile of nursing professionals working in university outpatient clinics and their association with presenteeism. METHOD: Cross-sectional study carried out with 388 nursing workers from 11 university outpatient units in the city of Rio de Janeiro. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the SPS-6 scale were used. The crossed-product odds ratio and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS: Presenteeism was found in more than half of the professionals (51%, n=198), with the odds ratio being 2.12 times higher (95% CI 1.02-4.40) in professionals with a stable work bond, 6.67 times (95% CI 2.51-17.67) in chronic patients, and 3.06 times (95% CI 1.97-4.74) in patients with absenteeism behavior. CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between presenteeism and the profile of nursing professionals. Many productive hours may be being lost, in view of the presenteeism behavior of the participants.

Management styles in outpatient nursing work: impacts on the worker's health.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze management styles in outpatient clinics of university hospitals and their impacts on the nursing workers' health. METHOD: Quantitative, cross-sectional study with 388 nursing professionals working in 11 outpatient clinics linked to public universities in Rio de Janeiro. The Management Styles Scale, the Pathogenic Suffering at Work Scale, and the Work-Related Physical and Psychosocial Harms Scale were used. RESULTS: The managerial and collective management styles showed a moderate presence for the outpatient clinics nursing staff. The characteristics of the predominantly managerial management style, evidenced by the lack of participation in decision-making, the strongly hierarchical work, focused on norms and control, acted as predictors of the experiences of suffering and of the physical, psychological, and social damages presented by the professionals working in this context. CONCLUSION: The analysis of management styles allowed elucidating characteristics that have the potential to negatively impact the workers' health, highlighting the need to review the management models currently adopted for the outpatient nursing team.

Covid-19 pandemic and Brazilian Nursing: unveiling meanings of work.

The objective of this study was to reflect on the meanings of the work of Brazilian nursing care in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. This is a theoretical study anchored in the definition of meanings of work, according to Estelle Morin's perspective. The work developed by nursing professionals became even more evident in pandemic times, with the precarious conditions of health services in Brazil coming to light. During the pandemic, the incorporation of meanings of work became more important, given that the society recognized the relevance of these professionals in dealing with the pandemic, and this allowed the discussion about their social, political, and economic recognition. The impacts of nursing performance during the Covid-19 pandemic are related to the economic issue, social values, autonomy in the exercise of the profession, recognition, and safety, reflecting on the sense of purpose of work. Thus, the work that makes sense for nursing professionals is related to professional appreciation, specifically, to salary recognition, while what makes no sense is what hinders intellectual, cognitive, and financial progress. Thus, conditions were imposed that give directions to ambivalent meanings to work.

Access to government social programs and the tuberculosis control program: a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze government social initiatives aimed at people with tuberculosis and the possibilities of access to government social programs and income transfers through the perception of tuberculosis program managers. METHODS: descriptive, qualitative study with 19 managers from Belém, Recife, Campo Grande, and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Thematic content analysis was used. RESULTS: there is no specific government social support for people with tuberculosis; the benefits are intended for people in social vulnerability. There are partnerships between the institutions of the secondary social healthcare network, social assistance, and community institutions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the support of official bodies is important for the control of tuberculosis; however, the profile of people's vulnerability is a determining factor for access to/destination of resources from these government social support programs.

Factors associated with presenteeism in outpatient nursing professionals / Factores asociados al presentismo en profesionales de enfermería ambulatoria / Fatores associados ao presenteísmo em profissionais de enfermagem ambulatorial

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic, work and health profile of nursing professionals working in university outpatient clinics and their association with presenteeism. Method: Cross-sectional study carried out with 388 nursing workers from 11 university outpatient units in the city of Rio de Janeiro. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the SPS-6 scale were used. The crossed-product odds ratio and their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results: Presenteeism was found in more than half of the professionals (51%, n=198), with the odds ratio being 2.12 times higher (95% CI 1.02-4.40) in professionals with a stable work bond, 6.67 times (95% CI 2.51-17.67) in chronic patients, and 3.06 times (95% CI 1.97-4.74) in patients with absenteeism behavior. Conclusion: There is a relationship between presenteeism and the profile of nursing professionals. Many productive hours may be being lost, in view of the presenteeism behavior of the participants.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el perfil sociodemográfico, laboral y de salud de los profesionales de enfermería actuantes en ambulatorios universitarios y su relación con el presentismo. Método: Estudio transversal realizado con 388 trabajadores de enfermería de 11 unidades de consulta externa universitaria de la ciudad de Río de Janeiro. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y la escala SPS-6. Se calcularon razones de chances de productos cruzados y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza de 95%. Resultados: Se evidenció presentismo en más de la mitad de los profesionales (51%, n=198), siendo la razón de probabilidad 2,12 veces mayor (IC 95% 1,02-4,40) entre los profesionales con vínculo permanente, 6,67 veces (IC 95% 2,51-17,67) entre aquellos con enfermidades crónicas y 3,06 veces (IC 95% 1,97-4,74) entre los ausentes. Conclusión: Existe una relación entre el presentismo y el perfil de los profesionales de enfermería. Se concluye que muchas horas productivas pueden estarse perdiendo, teniendo en vista el comportamiento de presentismo de los participantes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o perfil sociodemográfico, laboral e de saúde dos profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em ambulatórios universitários e sua relação com o presenteísmo. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com 388 trabalhadores de enfermagem de 11 Unidades Ambulatoriais universitárias no município do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizou-se um questionário sociodemográfico e a escala SPS-6. Calculou-se as razões de chance de produtos cruzados e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Evidenciou-se o presenteísmo em mais da metade dos profissionais (51%, n=198), sendo a razão de chances de ocorrer o presenteísmo maior 2,12 vezes (IC 95% 1,02-4,40) entre profissionais com vínculo permanente, 6,67 vezes (IC 95% 2,51-17,67) entre doentes crônicos, e 3,06 vezes (IC 95% 1,97-4,74) entre absenteístas. Conclusão: Há relação entre o presenteísmo e o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem. Concluiu-se que muitas horas produtivas podem estar sendo perdidas, tendo em vista o comportamento presenteísta dos participantes.

Danos à saúde relacionados ao trabalho de enfermeiros em um hospital universitário / Daños a la salud relacionados con el trabajo de enfermeros en un hospital universitario / Work-related health damage of nurses in a university hospital

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os danos à saúde relacionados ao trabalho de enfermeiros em um hospital universitário. Métodos Estudo transversal, quantitativo realizado com 135 enfermeiros de um hospital universitário localizado na região Sudeste do Brasil, entre os meses de dezembro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019, com aplicação de questionários para caracterização pessoal e laboral e a Escala de Avaliação de Danos Relacionados ao Trabalho. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial para a análise dos dados. Resultados Prevaleceu entre os enfermeiros o adoecimento físico. A avaliação para os danos psicológicos e sociais foi suportável. Os itens "distúrbios digestivos" (2,35±1,18), "mau-humor" (2,41±1,12), "dor de cabeça" (2,58±1,11), "dores no corpo" (2,81±1,15), "dores nas costas" (2,90±1,29), "alterações no sono" (2,96±1,28) e "dores nas pernas" (3,00±1,25) tiveram avaliação crítica pelos enfermeiros, o que representa risco para adoecimento. Não se identificaram associações significativas entre as variáveis pesquisadas e o adoecimento. Conclusão Os enfermeiros estão sujeitos a riscos de adoecimento relacionado ao trabalho no hospital universitário em estudo que deflagram adoecimento físico; sendo o suporte social uma provável explicação para o não adoecimento psicológico e social.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los daños a la salud relacionados con el trabajo de enfermeros en un hospital universitario. Métodos Estudio transversal, cuantitativo realizado con 135 enfermeros de un hospital universitario ubicado en la región Sureste de Brasil, entre los meses de diciembre de 2018 y febrero de 2019, con la utilización de cuestionarios para caracterización personal y laboral y la Escala de Evaluación de Daños Relacionados con el Trabajo. Se utilizó una estadística descriptiva e inferencial para el análisis de los datos. Resultados Prevaleció entre los enfermeros la dolencia física. La evaluación para los daños psicológicos y sociales fue soportable. Los ítems "disturbios digestivos" (2,35±1,18), "malhumor" (2,41±1,12), "dolor de cabeza" (2,58±1,11), "dolores por el cuerpo" (2,81±1,15), "dolores en la espalda" (2,90±1,29), "alteraciones del sueño" (2,96±1,28) y "dolores en las piernas" (3,00±1,25) tuvieron una evaluación crítica de los enfermeros, lo que representa riesgo para la dolencia. No se identificaron asociaciones significativas entre las variables investigadas y la dolencia. Conclusión Los enfermeros están sujetos a riesgos de dolencia relacionados con el trabajo en el hospital universitario en un estudio que ocasionan dolencia física; el soporte social es una probable explicación para la no dolencia psicológica y social.

Abstract Objective To analyze the work-related health damage of nurses in a university hospital. Methods Cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted with 135 nurses from a university hospital located in the southeast region of Brazil between December 2018 and February 2019 with the application of questionnaires for personal and occupational characterization and the Work-Related Damage Assessment Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results Physical illness prevailed among nurses. Psychological and social damage were evaluated as bearable. The items "digestive disorders" (2.35±1.18), "bad mood" (2.41±1.12), "headache" (2.58±1.11), "body pain" (2.81±1.15), "back pain" (2.90±1.29), "sleep disorders" (2.96±1.28) and "leg pain" (3.00 ±1.25) had a critical evaluation by nurses, which represents a risk for illness. No significant associations between the studied variables and illness were identified. Conclusion Nurses are subject to risks for illness related to work in the university hospital under study that trigger physical illness. Social support is a likely explanation for not getting psychologically and socially ill.